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Proposal approved
Occupational standard approved
End-point assessment plan approved
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This occupation is found in the space sector, and primarily the 'upstream' manufacturing area. This covers the design and production of spacecraft and the components and subsystems they comprise. It also includes production, operation and maintenance of highly specialised ground support equipment. Ground support equipment is used to support the development and testing of satellites and other equipment flown in space, before launch. Space systems engineers cover a broad range of mechanical, electronic, and thermal engineering disciplines. They usually specialise in one or more specific areas.
The upstream element of the industry is part of the overall space sector. It is related to but distinct from the 'downstream' part of the sector. The downstream sector is concerned with the exploitation of data from satellites for end-user applications including weather forecasting and telecommunications. Although businesses in the downstream sector work mainly with data and services, many also employ space systems engineers. Income for the whole UK space sector has grown significantly. The upstream segment has been the majority contributor to the overall growth of the sector. Space is a key part of the UK’s Industrial Strategy supporting the development and increases in productivity of other key sectors. For example, Agribusiness, Transport and Health, through improved data provision and communications. Government has committed funding to new developments supporting the upstream sector. Investments include establishing UK space ports, funding of spacecraft technology programmes and a satellite launch capability, and the National Satellite Test Facility.
Space Systems Engineers work in a variety of businesses. These can be small, medium or large enterprises. For example, specialising in, or involved with, space systems and space technology. They can also work in large national or global aerospace companies and space agencies. They are also found in academic institutions. Institutions include universities, government-funded science and technology research and development laboratories.
The broad purpose of the occupation is to take a leading role in the design, manufacturing and testing of complex, high value space hardware and ground support equipment at component and sub-system level, using advanced integration skills. Space Systems Engineers receive customer and mission requirements. They use engineering and scientific principles and knowledge of the space environment to identify solutions to requirements. They also assist in research and development, provide technical expertise, support, solutions and leadership.
Space Systems Engineers typically work to normal business hours. They can be required to work shifts and weekends in particular circumstances. For example, during launch support, or in periods leading up to major project delivery milestones. They typically work in secure and controlled environments, workshops and development areas. These can involve working at ground level, and at high level on gantries and walkways. They also work in regular offices. Some of these environments can be highly specialised (for example, rocket propulsion test facilities). These environments can involve working with very high pressure gas and fluid delivery systems, high vacuum facilities, and cryogenic fluids and delivery systems.
In their daily work, an employee in this occupation interacts with a range of stakeholders. Within their organisation they interact with the project manager, engineering team members, technical specialists, systems engineers, senior managers. They also interact with other internal teams such as finance, health and safety, and marketing. They may also interact directly with external stakeholders such as the customer or client, as well as suppliers and service providers.
An employee in this occupation is responsible for the quality and accuracy of the work they undertake within the limits of their personal authority. Space systems engineers adhere to statutory regulations and organisational health and safety requirements. They also identify, and carry out work in compliance with, standards imposed by key customers. For example, space agencies and regulatory bodies such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS).
Individual employers will set the selection criteria for their space systems engineer apprentices. Typically, candidates will have achieved grade 4 (previously grade C) or above in at least five GCSE’s including English, Maths and a Science subject. Employers will set their own entry requirements but typically candidates will hold a minimum of 96 UCAS points or existing relevant Level 3 qualifications. Other relevant or prior experience may also be considered as an alternative.
This standard represents a logical progression for candidates who have completed lower level apprenticeships in the engineering and manufacturing route. For example: Engineering fitter (L3), Engineering technician (L3), Engineering manufacturing technician (L4), Space engineering technician (L4), Maintenance operations engineering technician (L3).
T Level and A Level qualifications in science and engineering subject areas, and level 3 qualifications (such as BTEC, City & Guilds or Cambridge Technicals), in science and engineering also offer routes into this apprenticeship.
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Duty |
KSBs |
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Duty 1 Identify and define requirements, architecture, design and verification methodologies for spacecraft subsystems. For example, power, propulsion, attitude control, communications or thermal control. |
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Duty 2 Select techniques, components and materials appropriate for application in the mission environment. For example, vacuum-compatible materials, or electronics components that can withstand radiation. |
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Duty 3 Provide engineering support for mission-specific and research and development projects. For example, providing inputs on vibration test levels and interpreting other test performance data for project teams. |
K1 K2 K3 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K20 K21 K23 K24 K26 K28 K29 |
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Duty 4 Provide systems-specific expertise during launch and early operations phases of a mission. |
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Duty 5 Provide technical expertise and team leadership in support of integration and testing at subsystem, spacecraft and ground level across a range of projects. |
K2 K12 K14 K15 K16 K17 K20 K22 K24 K25 K26 K27 K28 |
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Duty 6 Perform system level trade-offs, co-ordinating inputs from various disciplines within a team to evaluate optimal solutions or proposed changes to a design. For example, calculating the antenna size required for two different designs of spacecraft communication systems to reach a recommendation for the optimal design. Or estimating the change in power availability when changing the design of solar array. |
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Duty 7 Provide technical expertise and support to the project system engineer by contributing to requirements management, ensuring all requirements are closed-out at the relevant project reviews and milestones. Contribute to technology readiness level for component or sub-system maturity status on space programmes. |
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Duty 8 Define test plans and procedures and compile test reports, managing test data and results for development and verification of the subsystem and spacecraft design. |
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Duty 9 Manage technical and project documentation used for control, monitoring, verification and reporting during a space project. |
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Duty 10 Provide engineering expertise to the project manager and lead systems engineer to assist in the formulation of risk assessments, project budgets and schedules. |
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Duty 11 Provide oversight of resource budgets and margins within the project. For example, mass, power and volume of a design. |
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Duty 12 Identify solutions for technical designs, techniques and processes relevant to a project using appropriate engineering disciplines and techniques. For example, identifying test standards and test procedures for new designs, new materials and new manufacturing processes for specific applications, or bonding techniques for assemblies involving novel combinations of materials. |
K1 K2 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K20 K22 K23 K24 K26 |
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Duty 13 Lead technical teams within a project, including line-management of technical staff working within a team. |
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Duty 14 Contribute to overall project management by coordinating the allocation of technical staff within a team and working with the project manager and lead systems engineer to ensure delivery of the project on-time and within budget. |
K1: Spacecraft dynamics and control techniques: two-body orbital motion and perturbations, sources of disturbance, spacecraft attitude control, manoeuvres, station keeping and rendezvous operations.
Back to Duty
K2: Architecture of ground and space-based communications subsystems.
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K3: Mission concept of operations: mission phasing, operational scenarios and modes, timelines, ground and space segments, communications and data handling architecture.
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K4: The role of the ground station in mission operations.
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K5: Principles of electric or chemical propulsion systems.
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K6: Structural analysis for static and dynamic loads.
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K7: Design, analysis and operation of thermal control systems.
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K8: Application of finite element analysis and system modelling software for mechanical, electrical and electromechanical sub-systems.
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K9: Automation of engineering processes.
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K10: Practical and theoretical requirements of electrical, electronic, electromechanical and mechanical equipment and systems in the space context.
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K11: Design of mechanisms and deployable structures in a space context.
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K12: The space environment: vacuum, thermal, radiation, particulate, atmospheres, vibration and thermal environment during launch.
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K13: Purpose of approved processes, components, parts and materials lists.
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K14: Properties, handling and application of space qualified materials.
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K15: Principles of quality assurance and quality standards in space projects.
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K16: Test standards in the space context.
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K17: Principles, processes and techniques for thermal-vacuum, electromagnetic compatibility, shock, vibration and acoustic testing, reporting and post-test procedures and actions.
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K18: Configuration and document management control processes: issue control, incorporation of change and end item data pack.
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K19: Principles of project management in space projects.
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K20: Principles of systems engineering.
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K21: Life cycles of space instrumentation for near earth and deep space missions.
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K22: Techniques and strategies used for the manufacture and fabrication of space hardware, and impact of manufacturing processes on material properties.
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K23: The upstream space sector, its applications, and the typical characteristics of spacecraft used in different mission types.
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K24: The role of software in the function and control of spacecraft and ground facilities.
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K25: Legal requirements: Health and Safety at Work, Environmental Protection and Sustainability, General Data Protection Regulation, Space Industry Act (Background, Range control, Licences, Safety, Security, Liabilities, Indemnities and Insurance).
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K26: Application of Factory 4.0: Digital devices, digital technologies and information systems (Automation, Additive Layer Manufacturing, Connected Technologies, Cyber, Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Security Resilience, Industry and Autonomous Robotics – Cobotics, Virtual Augmented Reality, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications).
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K27: Teamwork and leadership: negotiation techniques, conflict management, mentoring and development techniques, diversity, equality and inclusivity considerations.
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K28: Communication and presentation techniques: verbal and written.
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K29: Engineering drawing principles: development drawings, qualification drawings and production drawings using computer aided design (CAD) software for creating 3D models and 2D drawings including schematics and circuit diagrams.
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K30: Events and activities in the launch and commissioning phases of a mission, for example monitoring diagnostic information from the spacecraft before launch, or interpreting performance data during commissioning phase of the mission.
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S1: Identify and implement technical engineering solutions. For example, by using trade studies.
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S2: Communicate with colleagues and stakeholders: verbal and written.
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S3: Present information. For example, presenting project progress and key performance information (KPI's) such as cost, quality, time, risk and opportunities, contributing to technical publications, conveying information to technical and non-technical audiences.
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S4: Review and interpret customer requirements for the function and performance of their spacecraft or subsystem.
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S5: Produce space engineering designs, specifications and drawings. For example, for tender and manufacturing stages.
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S6: Contribute to the preparation of technical proposals. For example, by providing the lead engineer with technical input.
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S7: Contribute to technical reviews with stakeholders. For example, explaining proposed solutions to the customer.
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S8: Perform design and mechanical-structural, thermal and dynamic-vibration analysis, for deployable structures.
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S9: Calculate and model the performance of electronic, mechanical and thermal subsystems using approved industry techniques. For example, communications, power, data handling and thermal control.
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S10: Use scientific and engineering data. For example, to support decision making during design, build and operations phases of a mission or project.
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S11: Identify and apply test standards and procedures. For example, identify and apply test standards for a specific project or mission.
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S12: Prepare and apply technical documentation. For example, schedules, test plans, test reports, quality reports, and the digital tools used for their preparation.
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S13: Research technical solutions to problems. For example, use peer-reviewed literature and technical publications to research technical solutions with awareness of patent rules.
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S14: Use information technology including digital tools for presentation of data, digital communication, collaboration, design and analysis.
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S15: Identify and comply with legal and statutory requirements. For example, health and safety, Environmental protection, sustainability, space certification requirements and data protection.
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S16: Work with and lead others including, negotiation, conflict management, mentoring and developing others; taking account of diversity, equality and inclusivity.
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S17: Mission Analysis techniques using numerical analysis and simulation tools such as AGI-Systems Toolkit or NASA-GMAT.
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B1: Act as a role model and advocate for the environment, and sustainability.
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B2: Collaborate and promote teamwork across disciplines.
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B3: Apply a professional approach.
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B4: Adapt to, and resilient in challenging or changing situation.
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B5: Commits to their own and supports others' professional development.
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B6: Act as an advocate for accessibility, diversity, and inclusion.
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B7: Act as a role model and advocate for health and safety.
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Apprentices without level 2 English and maths will need to achieve this level prior to taking the End-Point Assessment. For those with an education, health and care plan or a legacy statement, the apprenticeship’s English and maths minimum requirement is Entry Level 3. A British Sign Language (BSL) qualification is an alternative to the English qualification for those whose primary language is BSL.
Level: 6 (integrated degree)
This standard partially aligns with the following professional recognition:
The Institute of Engineering & Technology (IET) for Incorporated Engineer (IEng)
This apprenticeship standard is aligned to professional recognition requirements for an Incorporated Engineer and is designed to prepare successful apprentices to satisfy the educational and experience requirements either partially or in full. The awarding of professional status is under the remit of the professional engineering institutions and is subject to Engineering Council regulations. For more information, please refer directly to the professional institutions’ guidance or UK-SPEC.
Royal Aeronautical Society for Incorporated Engineer (IEng)
This apprenticeship standard is aligned to professional recognition requirements for an Incorporated Engineer and is designed to prepare successful apprentices to satisfy the educational and experience requirements either partially or in full. The awarding of professional status is under the remit of the professional engineering institutions and is subject to Engineering Council regulations. For more information, please refer directly to the professional institutions’ guidance or UK-SPEC.
AP01
This document explains the requirements for end-point assessment (EPA) for space systems engineer apprentices. End-point assessment organisations (EPAOs) must follow this when designing and delivering their EPA.
This document provides the EPA design requirements for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in their role as end-point assessment organisations (EPAOs) for this apprenticeship standard.
Space systems engineer apprentices, their employers and training providers should read this document.
An approved EPAO must conduct the EPA for this apprenticeship. Employers must select an approved EPAO from the Education and Skills Funding Agency’s Register of end-point assessment organisations (RoEPAO).
In an integrated degree apprenticeship standard, the degree incorporates on-programme learning and assessment with an EPA to test the occupational standard’s knowledge, skills, and behaviours (KSBs). The Degree required for this apprenticeship standard is a space engineering or space science degree or other space degree that directly aligns to the KSBs on the apprenticeship. The level of credits that makes up the degree may vary across universities; however, the EPA must contribute one-twelfth of the total.
A full-time apprentice typically spends 48 months on-programme (this means in training before the gateway) working towards competence as a space systems engineer. All apprentices must spend at least 12 months on-programme. All apprentices must spend at least 20% of their on-programme time completing off-the-job training.
Before starting EPA, an apprentice must meet the gateway requirements. For this apprenticeship the gateway requirements are:
The EPAO must confirm that all required gateway evidence has been provided and accepted as meeting the gateway requirements. The EPAO is responsible for confirming gateway eligibility. Once this has been confirmed, the EPA period starts.
This EPA should then be completed within an EPA period lasting typically seven months.
This EPA has 2 assessment methods.
The grades available for each EPA method are:
EPA method 1 - project: report and presentation with questions:
EPA method 2 - professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence:
The result from each EPA method is combined to decide the overall apprenticeship grade. The following grades are available for the apprenticeship:
1For those with an education, health and care plan or a legacy statement, the apprenticeship’s English and mathematics minimum requirement is Entry Level 3. British Sign Language (BSL) qualifications are an alternative to English qualifications for those who have BSL as their primary language.
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On-programme (typically 48 months) |
Training to develop the knowledge, skills and behaviours (KSBs) of the occupational standard. Training towards English and mathematics qualifications at Level 21, if required. Completing on programme modules of a space engineering or space science degree or other space degree that directly aligns to the KSBs on the apprenticeship Compiling a portfolio of evidence. |
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End-point assessment gateway |
The employer must be content that the apprentice is working at or above the level of the occupational standard. The apprentice’s employer must confirm that they think the apprentice:
Apprentices must have achieved English and mathematics at Level 21. The apprentice must complete and pass all credit carrying modules of a space engineering or space science degree or other space degree that directly aligns to the KSBs on the apprenticeship apart from the final module which will form the EPA. An apprentice must submit all gateway evidence to the EPAO. The EPAO must review the evidence. When the EPAO confirms the gateway requirements have been met, the EPA period starts and typically takes 7 months to complete. The expectation is that the EPAO will confirm the gateway requirements have been met as quickly as possible. For the project: report and presentation with questions, the apprentice will be required to submit the following supporting material: an abstract or summary of the proposed subject, title and scope for the EPA project. requirements. To ensure the project allows the apprentice to meet the KSBs mapped to this EPA method to the highest available grade, the EPAO should sign-off the project’s title and scope at the gateway to confirm it is suitable. A brief project summary must be submitted to the EPAO. It should be no more than 500 words. This needs to show that the project will provide the opportunity for the apprentice to cover the KSBs mapped to this EPA method. It is not assessed. For the professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence, the apprentice will be required to submit a portfolio of evidence. Apprentices must submit any policies and procedures as requested by the EPAO. |
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End-point assessment (typically 7 months) |
Grades available for each method: Project: report and presentation with questions Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence Overall EPA and apprenticeship can be graded: |
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Professional recognition |
This apprenticeship standard aligns with The Institute of Engineering & Technology (IET) for Incorporated Engineer (IEng). The experience gained and responsibility held by the apprentice on completion of the apprenticeship will either wholly or partially satisfy the requirements for registration at this level. This apprenticeship standard aligns with Royal Aeronautical Society for Incorporated Engineer (IEng). The experience gained and responsibility held by the apprentice on completion of the apprenticeship will either wholly or partially satisfy the requirements for registration at this level. |
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Re-sits and re-takes |
1For those with an education, health and care plan or a legacy statement, the apprenticeship’s English and mathematics minimum requirement is Entry Level 3. British Sign Language (BSL) qualifications are an alternative to English qualifications for those who have BSL as their primary language.
The EPA will be taken within the EPA period. The EPA period begins when the EPAO confirms the gateway requirements are met and is typically 7 months.
The expectation is that the EPAO will confirm the gateway requirements are met and the EPA begins as quickly as possible.
The apprentice’s employer must confirm that they think the apprentice is working at or above the occupational standard as a space systems engineer. They will then enter the gateway. The employer may take advice from the apprentice's training provider(s), but the employer must make the decision.
Apprentices must meet the following gateway requirements before starting their EPA.
These are:
Apprentices must submit any policies and procedures as requested by the EPAO.
The EPA period starts when the EPAO confirms all gateway requirements have been met. The expectation is they will do this as quickly as possible.
The assessment methods can be delivered in any order.
The result of one assessment method does not need to be known before starting the next.
A project involves the apprentice completing a significant and defined piece of work that has a real business application and benefit. The project must start after the apprentice has gone through the gateway.
The project: report and presentation with questions must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this EPA method to the highest available grade.
The project must meet the needs of the employer’s business and be relevant to the apprentice’s occupation and apprenticeship. The EPAO must confirm that it provides the apprentice with the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this EPA method to the highest available grade. The EPAO must refer to the grading descriptors to ensure that projects are pitched appropriately.
This EPA method includes 2 components:
The project and any components must be assessed holistically by the independent assessor when they are deciding the grade for this EPA method.
Apprentices must complete a project which may be based on any of the following:
To ensure the project allows the apprentice to meet the KSBs mapped to this EPA method to the highest available grade, the EPAO should sign-off the project’s title and scope at the gateway to confirm it is suitable.
The project output must be in the form of a report.
The apprentice must start the project after the gateway. They must complete and submit the report to the EPAO after a maximum of 32 weeks. The employer should ensure the apprentice has the time and resources within this period, to plan and complete their project. The apprentice must complete their project and the production of all its components unaided.
The apprentice may work as part of a team which could include technical internal or external support. However, the project output must be the apprentice’s own work and will be reflective of their own role and contribution. The apprentice and their employer must confirm that the project output(s) is the apprentice’s own work when it is submitted.
The report must include at least:
The project report has a maximum word count of 10000 words. A tolerance of 10% above or below the word count is allowed at the apprentice’s discretion. Appendices, references and diagrams are not included in this total. The project report must map, in an appendix, how it evidences the relevant KSBs mapped to this EPA method.
This is a formal presentation where an apprentice will present to an independent assessor on a set subject. The independent assessor must ask questions. Apprentices must prepare, submit and deliver a presentation. The presentation is restricted to the KSBs allocated to this EPA method as shown in the mapping section of this document.
The presentation and questioning must last 60 minutes This will typically include a presentation of 30 minutes and questioning lasting 30 minutes.
The independent assessor must ask at least 5 questions. They must use the questions from the EPAO’s question bank or create their own questions in-line with the EPAO’s training. Follow up questions are allowed where clarification is required.
The presentation will provide an overview of the apprentice’s project and the presentation with questions and answers. Independent assessors will ask questions after the presentation. All presentations must include at least:
The apprentice must prepare and submit their presentation to the EPAO at the same time as the report which is a maximum of 32 weeks after the gateway.
The apprentice must notify the EPAO, at the submission of the presentation, of any technical requirements for the presentation. For the presentation, the apprentice will have access to:
The independent assessor must have at least 2 weeks to review the project output(s) and presentation before the presentation is delivered by the apprentice, to allow them to prepare appropriate questions.
Apprentices must be given at least 4 week(s) notice of the date and time of the presentation or question and answer session.
The presentation with questioning must take place in a suitable venue selected by the EPAO for example the EPAO’s or employer’s premises.
The presentation with questioning should take place in a quiet room, free from distractions and influence.
The presentation with questioning can be conducted by video conferencing. The EPAO must have processes in place to verify the identity of the apprentice and ensure the apprentice is not being aided.
EPAOs must write an assessment specification and question bank. The specification must be relevant to the occupation and demonstrate how to assess the KSBs mapped to this assessment method. It is recommended this is done in consultation with employers of this occupation. EPAOs should maintain the security and confidentiality of EPA materials when consulting employers. The questions must be unpredictable. A question bank of sufficient size will support this. The assessment specification and questions must be reviewed at least once a year to ensure they remain fit-for-purpose.
EPAOs must develop purpose-built question banks and ensure that appropriate quality assurance procedures are in place, for example, considering standardisation, training and moderation. EPAOs must ensure that questions are refined and developed to a high standard.
EPAOs must ensure that apprentices have a different set of questions in the case of re-sits or re-takes.
In the professional discussion, an independent assessor and apprentice have a formal two-way conversation. It gives the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate their competency across the KSBs as shown in the mapping.
The professional discussion must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this EPA method to the highest available grade.
The EPAO must give an apprentice 2 weeks notice of the professional discussion.
The independent assessor must have at least 2 week(s) to review the supporting documentation.
Apprentices must have access to their portfolio of evidence during the professional discussion.
Apprentices can refer to and illustrate their answers with evidence from their portfolio of evidence, however the portfolio of evidence is not directly assessed.
The professional discussion must last for 90 minutes. The independent assessor can increase the time of the professional discussion by up to 10%. This time is to allow the apprentice to respond to a question if necessary.
For the professional discussion, the independent assessor must ask at least 9 questions. Follow-up questions are allowed. The independent assessor must use the questions from the EPAO’s question bank or create their own questions in-line with the EPAO’s training. The professional discussion must allow the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this EPA method at the highest possible grade.
The independent assessor conducts and assesses the professional discussion.
The independent assessor must keep accurate records of the assessment. The records must include the KSBs met, the grade achieved and answers to questions.
The independent assessor will make all grading decisions.
The professional discussion must take place in a suitable venue selected by the EPAO (for example the EPAO’s or employer’s premises).
The professional discussion can be conducted by video conferencing. The EPAO must have processes in place to verify the identity of the apprentice and ensure the apprentice is not being aided.
The professional discussion should take place in a quiet room, free from distractions and influence.
EPAOs must write an assessment specification and question bank. The specification must be relevant to the occupation and demonstrate how to assess the KSBs shown in the mapping. It is recommended this is done in consultation with employers of this occupation. EPAOs should maintain the security and confidentiality of EPA materials when consulting employers. The questions must be unpredictable. A question bank of sufficient size will support this. The assessment specification and questions must be reviewed at least once a year to ensure they remain fit-for-purpose.
EPAOs will develop purpose-built question banks and ensure that appropriate quality assurance procedures are in place, for example, considering standardisation, training and moderation. EPAOs will ensure that questions are refined and developed to a high standard.
EPAOs must ensure that apprentices have a different set of questions in the case of re-sits or re-takes.
EPAOs must produce the following materials to support the professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence:
Fail - does not meet pass criteria
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Theme KSBs |
Pass Apprentices must demonstrate all the pass descriptors |
Distinction Apprentices must demonstrate all the pass descriptors and all of the distinction descriptors |
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Space Systems
K1 K6 K7 K11 K14 S8 S17 |
Uses sector-specific analysis and simulation tools to represent and evaluate the overall mission concept, identifying a set of design solutions that meet requirements. (K1, S17) Constructs numerical models representing the system structure being designed. Uses software tools to model and analyse the thermal and mechanical performance of mechanisms to determine their fitness-for-purpose. (K6, K7, K11, K14, S8)
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Optimises the mission design and operations concepts through critical evaluation of spaceflight dynamics and ground segment design. Evaluates and selects the optimal solution against the brief. (K1, S17) Validates results by utilising and critically analysing a range of design principles, techniques and numerical models. (K6, K7, K11, K14, S8) |
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Systems Engineering
K20 K26 K29 S5 S6 S7 S10 S13 S14 |
Uses scientific and engineering data relevant to a task or requirement, and uses the data as a key input into calculations, models, system designs and performance analysis to enable assessment of system compliance with requirements. (K20, S7, S10, S13) Uses information technology to support the design, analysis, manufacture, collaboration and communication to ensure the project brief is satisfied. (K26, S14) Translates customer requirements into technical proposals, designs, specifications, models and drawings that meet the project brief. (K29, S5, S6) |
Justifies solutions to technical problems within system compliance, using scientific and engineering data and research to support justifications. (K20, S7, S10, S13)
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Quality, Management and Compliance
K18 K25 S12 S15 B1 B7 |
Prepares and applies technical documentation, applying configuration and document management control processes (K18, S12) Complies with all relevant legal and statutory requirements. (K25, S15, B1, B7) |
Evaluates how legal and statutory requirements have impacted the project outcome and how this will impact on future similar projects (K25, S15, B1, B7) |
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Teamwork and Communication
K28 S2 S3 B3 |
Identifies and applies varied methods of communication for different audiences, presenting information in formats most appropriate to their content and audience. Demonstrates a professional approach to communication which achieves collaboration across multiple stakeholders and audiences. (K28, S2, S3, B3) |
Justifies how their approach to presenting information, communication and collaboration has improved the quality of outcomes. (K28, S2, S3, B3) |
Fail - does not meet pass criteria
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Theme KSBs |
Pass Apprentices must demonstrate all the pass descriptors |
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Space Systems
K2 K3 K4 K5 K10 K12 K17 K22 K23 K24 |
Describes the purpose of the Mission Concept of Operations (ConOps) in space systems engineering (K3). Identifies the key components of round and space-based communication sub-systems (K2, K4) Explains the principles of electric or chemical propulsion systems and the implications for mission design. (K5) Describes the space environment and its implications for the requirements of systems in the space context. Relates these requirements to testing of spacecraft subsystems. (K10, K12, K17) Explains the range of processes used in fabrication and their impact on materials properties, in order to meet manufacturing quality requirements. (K22) Describes the upstream space sector, its applications, and the typical characteristics of spacecraft used in different mission types. (K23) Explains the role of software in the function and control of spacecraft and ground facilities in order to fulfill the functional requirements of the mission. (K24) |
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Systems Engineering
K8 K9 S1 S4 S9 |
Justifies their technical engineering solutions, explaining how they use tools and techniques for modelling and analysis of subsystems, to ensure customer requirements are met. (K8, S1, S4, S9) Explains the advantages of process automation in order to achieve efficiency and reproducibility, and discusses the requirements for automation including monitoring and controlling of machinery and processes. (K9) |
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Quality, Management and Compliance
K13 K15 K16 K19 K21 K30 S11 B4 |
Explains how they use test standards to design and conduct test procedures applying the principles of quality and product assurance in space manufacturing. Explains how they manage challenging situations during preparation and delivery of test campaigns. (K13, K15, K16, S11, B4) Explains the phases of a space project from initial concept to disposal, and the purpose of reviews at each stage. Identifies the key elements of project planning. Explains the development and operation of space instrumentation in the context of project phrasing. (K10, K21, K30) |
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Teamwork and Communication
K27 S16 B2 B5 B6 |
Explains how they work with and lead others, justifying their approach to teamwork and the impact this has on individuals, teams or business. Explains how they advocate accessibility and diversity to create an inclusive culture. (K27, S16, B2, B6) Evaluates the impact of their own professional development to enhance their own and others professional and technical competence. (B5)
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| Project: report and presentation with questions | Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence | Overall Grading |
|---|---|---|
| Fail | Any grade | Fail |
| Any grade | Fail | Fail |
| Pass | Pass | Pass |
| Distinction | Pass | Distinction |
Apprentices who fail one or more EPA method(s) can take a re-sit or a re-take at the employer’s discretion. The apprentice’s employer needs to agree that a re-sit or re-take is appropriate. A re-sit does not need further learning, whereas a re-take does.
Apprentices should have a supportive action plan to prepare for a re-sit or a re-take.
The employer and EPAO agree the timescale for a re-sit or re-take. A re-sit is typically taken within 6 months of the EPA outcome notification. The timescale for a re-take is dependent on how much re-training is required and is typically taken within 6 months of the EPA outcome notification.
Failed EPA methods must be re-sat or re-taken within a 6-month period from the EPA outcome notification, otherwise the entire EPA will need to be re-sat or re-taken in full.
Re-sits and re-takes are not offered to apprentices wishing to move from pass to a higher grade.
An apprentice will get a maximum EPA grade of pass for a re-sit or re-take, unless the EPAO determines there are exceptional circumstances.
| Roles | Responsibilities |
|---|---|
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Apprentice |
As a minimum, apprentices should:
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Employer |
As a minimum, employers must:
Post-gateway, employers must:
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EPAO |
As a minimum, EPAOs must:
Pre-gateway, EPAOs must:
At the gateway, EPAOs must:
Post-gateway, EPAOs must:
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Independent assessor |
As a minimum, independent assessors must:
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Training provider |
As a minimum, training providers should:
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The EPAO must have reasonable adjustments arrangements for the EPA.
This should include:
Adjustments must maintain the validity, reliability and integrity of the EPA as outlined in this EPA plan.
Internal quality assurance refers to how EPAOs ensure valid, consistent and reliable EPA decisions. EPAOs must adhere to the requirements within the roles and responsibilities section and:
Affordability of the EPA will be aided by using at least some of the following:
This apprenticeship standard is designed to prepare successful apprentices to meet the requirements for registration as a:
The Institute of Engineering & Technology (IET) for Incorporated Engineer (IEng)
| Knowledge | Assessment methods |
|---|---|
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K1
Spacecraft dynamics and control techniques: two-body orbital motion and perturbations, sources of disturbance, spacecraft attitude control, manoeuvres, station keeping and rendezvous operations. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K2
Architecture of ground and space-based communications subsystems. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K3
Mission concept of operations: mission phasing, operational scenarios and modes, timelines, ground and space segments, communications and data handling architecture. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K4
The role of the ground station in mission operations. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K5
Principles of electric or chemical propulsion systems. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K6
Structural analysis for static and dynamic loads. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K7
Design, analysis and operation of thermal control systems. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K8
Application of finite element analysis and system modelling software for mechanical, electrical and electromechanical sub-systems. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K9
Automation of engineering processes. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K10
Practical and theoretical requirements of electrical, electronic, electromechanical and mechanical equipment and systems in the space context. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K11
Design of mechanisms and deployable structures in a space context. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K12
The space environment: vacuum, thermal, radiation, particulate, atmospheres, vibration and thermal environment during launch. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K13
Purpose of approved processes, components, parts and materials lists. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K14
Properties, handling and application of space qualified materials. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K15
Principles of quality assurance and quality standards in space projects. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K16
Test standards in the space context. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K17
Principles, processes and techniques for thermal-vacuum, electromagnetic compatibility, shock, vibration and acoustic testing, reporting and post-test procedures and actions. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K18
Configuration and document management control processes: issue control, incorporation of change and end item data pack. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K19
Principles of project management in space projects. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K20
Principles of systems engineering. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K21
Life cycles of space instrumentation for near earth and deep space missions. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K22
Techniques and strategies used for the manufacture and fabrication of space hardware, and impact of manufacturing processes on material properties. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K23
The upstream space sector, its applications, and the typical characteristics of spacecraft used in different mission types. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K24
The role of software in the function and control of spacecraft and ground facilities. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K25
Legal requirements: Health and Safety at Work, Environmental Protection and Sustainability, General Data Protection Regulation, Space Industry Act (Background, Range control, Licences, Safety, Security, Liabilities, Indemnities and Insurance). Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K26
Application of Factory 4.0: Digital devices, digital technologies and information systems (Automation, Additive Layer Manufacturing, Connected Technologies, Cyber, Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Security Resilience, Industry and Autonomous Robotics – Cobotics, Virtual Augmented Reality, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications). Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K27
Teamwork and leadership: negotiation techniques, conflict management, mentoring and development techniques, diversity, equality and inclusivity considerations. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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K28
Communication and presentation techniques: verbal and written. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K29
Engineering drawing principles: development drawings, qualification drawings and production drawings using computer aided design (CAD) software for creating 3D models and 2D drawings including schematics and circuit diagrams. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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K30
Events and activities in the launch and commissioning phases of a mission, for example monitoring diagnostic information from the spacecraft before launch, or interpreting performance data during commissioning phase of the mission. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
| Skill | Assessment methods |
|---|---|
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S1
Identify and implement technical engineering solutions. For example, by using trade studies. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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S2
Communicate with colleagues and stakeholders: verbal and written. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S3
Present information. For example, presenting project progress and key performance information (KPI's) such as cost, quality, time, risk and opportunities, contributing to technical publications, conveying information to technical and non-technical audiences. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S4
Review and interpret customer requirements for the function and performance of their spacecraft or subsystem. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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S5
Produce space engineering designs, specifications and drawings. For example, for tender and manufacturing stages. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S6
Contribute to the preparation of technical proposals. For example, by providing the lead engineer with technical input. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S7
Contribute to technical reviews with stakeholders. For example, explaining proposed solutions to the customer. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S8
Perform design and mechanical-structural, thermal and dynamic-vibration analysis, for deployable structures. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S9
Calculate and model the performance of electronic, mechanical and thermal subsystems using approved industry techniques. For example, communications, power, data handling and thermal control. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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S10
Use scientific and engineering data. For example, to support decision making during design, build and operations phases of a mission or project. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S11
Identify and apply test standards and procedures. For example, identify and apply test standards for a specific project or mission. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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S12
Prepare and apply technical documentation. For example, schedules, test plans, test reports, quality reports, and the digital tools used for their preparation. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S13
Research technical solutions to problems. For example, use peer-reviewed literature and technical publications to research technical solutions with awareness of patent rules. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S14
Use information technology including digital tools for presentation of data, digital communication, collaboration, design and analysis. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S15
Identify and comply with legal and statutory requirements. For example, health and safety, Environmental protection, sustainability, space certification requirements and data protection. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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S16
Work with and lead others including, negotiation, conflict management, mentoring and developing others; taking account of diversity, equality and inclusivity. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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S17
Mission Analysis techniques using numerical analysis and simulation tools such as AGI-Systems Toolkit or NASA-GMAT. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
| Behaviour | Assessment methods |
|---|---|
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B1
Act as a role model and advocate for the environment, and sustainability. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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B2
Collaborate and promote teamwork across disciplines. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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B3
Apply a professional approach. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
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B4
Adapt to, and resilient in challenging or changing situation. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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B5
Commits to their own and supports others' professional development. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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B6
Act as an advocate for accessibility, diversity, and inclusion. Back to Grading |
Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence |
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B7
Act as a role model and advocate for health and safety. Back to Grading |
Project: report and presentation with questions |
| KSBS GROUPED BY THEME | Knowledge | Skills | Behaviour |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Space Systems
K1 K6 K7 K11 K14 S8 S17 |
Spacecraft dynamics and control techniques: two-body orbital motion and perturbations, sources of disturbance, spacecraft attitude control, manoeuvres, station keeping and rendezvous operations. (K1) Structural analysis for static and dynamic loads. (K6) Design, analysis and operation of thermal control systems. (K7) Design of mechanisms and deployable structures in a space context. (K11) Properties, handling and application of space qualified materials. (K14) |
Perform design and mechanical-structural, thermal and dynamic-vibration analysis, for deployable structures. (S8) Mission Analysis techniques using numerical analysis and simulation tools such as AGI-Systems Toolkit or NASA-GMAT. (S17) |
N/A |
|
Systems Engineering
K20 K26 K29 S5 S6 S7 S10 S13 S14 |
Principles of systems engineering. (K20) Application of Factory 4.0: Digital devices, digital technologies and information systems (Automation, Additive Layer Manufacturing, Connected Technologies, Cyber, Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Security Resilience, Industry and Autonomous Robotics – Cobotics, Virtual Augmented Reality, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications). (K26) Engineering drawing principles: development drawings, qualification drawings and production drawings using computer aided design (CAD) software for creating 3D models and 2D drawings including schematics and circuit diagrams. (K29) |
Produce space engineering designs, specifications and drawings. For example, for tender and manufacturing stages. (S5) Contribute to the preparation of technical proposals. For example, by providing the lead engineer with technical input. (S6) Contribute to technical reviews with stakeholders. For example, explaining proposed solutions to the customer. (S7) Use scientific and engineering data. For example, to support decision making during design, build and operations phases of a mission or project. (S10) Research technical solutions to problems. For example, use peer-reviewed literature and technical publications to research technical solutions with awareness of patent rules. (S13) Use information technology including digital tools for presentation of data, digital communication, collaboration, design and analysis. (S14) |
N/A |
|
Quality, Management and Compliance
K18 K25 S12 S15 B1 B7 |
Configuration and document management control processes: issue control, incorporation of change and end item data pack. (K18) Legal requirements: Health and Safety at Work, Environmental Protection and Sustainability, General Data Protection Regulation, Space Industry Act (Background, Range control, Licences, Safety, Security, Liabilities, Indemnities and Insurance). (K25) |
Prepare and apply technical documentation. For example, schedules, test plans, test reports, quality reports, and the digital tools used for their preparation. (S12) Identify and comply with legal and statutory requirements. For example, health and safety, Environmental protection, sustainability, space certification requirements and data protection. (S15) |
Act as a role model and advocate for the environment, and sustainability. (B1) Act as a role model and advocate for health and safety. (B7) |
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Teamwork and Communication
K28 S2 S3 B3 |
Communication and presentation techniques: verbal and written. (K28) |
Communicate with colleagues and stakeholders: verbal and written. (S2) Present information. For example, presenting project progress and key performance information (KPI's) such as cost, quality, time, risk and opportunities, contributing to technical publications, conveying information to technical and non-technical audiences. (S3) |
Apply a professional approach. (B3) |
| KSBS GROUPED BY THEME | Knowledge | Skills | Behaviour |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Space Systems
K2 K3 K4 K5 K10 K12 K17 K22 K23 K24 |
Architecture of ground and space-based communications subsystems. (K2) Mission concept of operations: mission phasing, operational scenarios and modes, timelines, ground and space segments, communications and data handling architecture. (K3) The role of the ground station in mission operations. (K4) Principles of electric or chemical propulsion systems. (K5) Practical and theoretical requirements of electrical, electronic, electromechanical and mechanical equipment and systems in the space context. (K10) The space environment: vacuum, thermal, radiation, particulate, atmospheres, vibration and thermal environment during launch. (K12) Principles, processes and techniques for thermal-vacuum, electromagnetic compatibility, shock, vibration and acoustic testing, reporting and post-test procedures and actions. (K17) Techniques and strategies used for the manufacture and fabrication of space hardware, and impact of manufacturing processes on material properties. (K22) The upstream space sector, its applications, and the typical characteristics of spacecraft used in different mission types. (K23) The role of software in the function and control of spacecraft and ground facilities. (K24) |
N/A |
N/A |
|
Systems Engineering
K8 K9 S1 S4 S9 |
Application of finite element analysis and system modelling software for mechanical, electrical and electromechanical sub-systems. (K8) Automation of engineering processes. (K9) |
Identify and implement technical engineering solutions. For example, by using trade studies. (S1) Review and interpret customer requirements for the function and performance of their spacecraft or subsystem. (S4) Calculate and model the performance of electronic, mechanical and thermal subsystems using approved industry techniques. For example, communications, power, data handling and thermal control. (S9) |
N/A |
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Quality, Management and Compliance
K13 K15 K16 K19 K21 K30 S11 B4 |
Purpose of approved processes, components, parts and materials lists. (K13) Principles of quality assurance and quality standards in space projects. (K15) Test standards in the space context. (K16) Principles of project management in space projects. (K19) Life cycles of space instrumentation for near earth and deep space missions. (K21) Events and activities in the launch and commissioning phases of a mission, for example monitoring diagnostic information from the spacecraft before launch, or interpreting performance data during commissioning phase of the mission. (K30) |
Identify and apply test standards and procedures. For example, identify and apply test standards for a specific project or mission. (S11) |
Adapt to, and resilient in challenging or changing situation. (B4) |
|
Teamwork and Communication
K27 S16 B2 B5 B6 |
Teamwork and leadership: negotiation techniques, conflict management, mentoring and development techniques, diversity, equality and inclusivity considerations. (K27) |
Work with and lead others including, negotiation, conflict management, mentoring and developing others; taking account of diversity, equality and inclusivity. (S16) |
Collaborate and promote teamwork across disciplines. (B2) Commits to their own and supports others' professional development. (B5) Act as an advocate for accessibility, diversity, and inclusion. (B6) |
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